Reactivity periodic table3/18/2024 ![]() ![]() When warmed above room temperature, Bromine will vaporise to form toxic red-brown bromine vapour, and iodine crystals will vaporise to form toxic purple iodine vapour.At room temperature, Iodineis a dark grey solid.At room temperature, Bromineis a dense red-brown liquid.At room temperature, Chlorineis a toxic, dense green gas.At room temperature, Fluorineis a toxic yellow gas.Down the group, the halogens show increasing relative atomic mass , and increasing melting and boiling points.As you move down Group 1 of the periodic table the reactivity. The alkali metals have a single electron in their outer shell, which makes them highly reactive with oxygen, water and halogens, and also means that their oxidation state never exceeds +1. There is also a trendin the physical properties of the halogen. Rubidium is one of the alkaline metals, as group one of the periodic table are otherwise known. They have a low density, and low melting and boiling points.He halogens also have similar physical properties: (This is because the shells act as “shielding” from the positive charge of the nucleus) As the number of electron shells increases down group 7, it becomes harder to gain the last outer electron, and the reactivity of the elements decreases. The more electron shells there are between the outer electron and the nucleus, the harder it is to gain an additional outer electron. In chemical reactions, they gain one additional electron to gain a full outer shell. As they are in group 7, they each have seven electrons in their outer shell. This is due to the electronic structure of the halogens. This means that chlorine reacts less vigorously with sodium than fluorine, and bromine reacts less vigorously with sodium than chlorine. These atoms are often called the alkali and alkaline earth elements. ![]() For example, potassium has a configuration Ar4s 1. 1 ), the configuration is a closed shell of core electrons, plus s electrons in a new shell. The chemical reactivity (how vigorously they react) of the halogens decreases down group 7. For atoms found in the first two columns of the periodic table (figure 1.6.1 1.6. They react with water to produce metal hydroxide solutions (which are alkaline, hence the name of the group). Group 1 elements are also known as the alkali metals, and they have similar chemical properties. ![]()
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